![]() This has caused severe harm on the young women involved as well as the hope for stronger women’s rights movements in these areas. Although rural areas continue to practice the procedure more often, more than 43 percent of women (UNFPA, 2017) in urban areas think the practice should continue. Egypt has been dealing with FGM for decades, with families purposefully taking their daughters to certified or uncertified doctors to commit the operation. In Luxor, for example, ninety-nine percent of women have undergone some type of the operation (UNICEF, 2015). Individuals who live in or near these communities need to advocate louder to put an end to this harmful social practice in order to begin resolving the issue.Īmong Middle Eastern countries, Egypt has the highest rate of FGM (Bissada, 2019). The families do not benefit from this operation, they risk their daughters dying. The girls do not benefit from this operation, they risk death. Some girls may even need later surgeries. There are immediate complications that lead to increased health risks, including severe pain, wound healing problems, infections, excessive bleeding, shock, psychological problems – including depression, anxiety, and post-traumatic stress disorder- and even death (WHO, 2020). The best methods to fix a coordination problem is through three aspects: leadership to reset expectations, communication, and insurance to balance out the possible consequences of taking action. Social scientists have found the best way to deal with coordination problems is through short term solutions - since once more people begin moving to the better alternative, everyone will want to follow, policy makers resolve towards simple solutions. Meaning that because there is a majority (in the communities that continue to practice FGM) of people who do commit the crime, everyone in these communities is more likely to continue the practice as well. ![]() In this particular social dilemma, everyone benefits if no one continues to commit the crime however, everyone benefits most when they are doing what everyone else is also doing. It is one example of three types of social dilemmas – externalities, commitment problems, and coordination traps. While there are many examples of social dilemmas evident in our daily lives, FGM is a coordination trap - benefitting no one at all, yet it continues because the social benefits of continuing the practice outweigh the social harm of being one of the people who stands up against it.Ī coordination trap, much like the name implies, is a case where people are not moving to a better outcome. This deadly practice involves the partial or total removal of the external female genitalia – a process that has no religious or scientific backing for any benefit. Eighty-two percent of females under the age of seventeen in Egypt have undergone Female Genital Mutilation (FGM) (Maged, 2019).
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